Solar bollards have zero running costs and no wiring, but are usually dimmer and rely on good sun. Mains 230V bollards are the brightest and most reliable but need an electrician. Low-voltage 12V or 24V sits in between, safe to install yourself with decent brightness. Choose based on how bright you need it, the location, and whether you want a sparky involved.

Higher lumens suit security and task lighting, while lower lumens give softer ambience. Most pathway and garden bollards sit between roughly 200 and 700 lumens. Decide based on whether the bollard is mainly for safety and wayfinding or for atmosphere around a patio or garden.

For outdoor use look for at least IP54, which handles splashing and rain. IP65 is better for exposed or coastal positions. If knocks are a concern, also check the IK impact rating, with IK08 to IK10 being the toughest.

Built-in LEDs are brighter and purpose-made for the fitting, and modern ones last for years. Replaceable globe models such as E27 let you swap colour temperature or replace a failed globe without rewiring. Built-in suits most people, while replaceable suits those who want long-term flexibility.

316 marine-grade stainless steel handles salt spray best. Powder-coated aluminium resists rust and looks sharp inland. Polycarbonate will not corrode at all, and brass or copper develop a natural patina over time. Match the material to your climate and how close you are to the coast.

Mains 230V bollards must be installed by a licensed electrician. Solar bollards need no wiring at all, so you simply mount them. Low-voltage 12V or 24V bollards can usually be installed yourself by running a cable from a transformer.